Required Documents: Articles of Incorporation, including all amendments
To create a business as a Corporation, the State business authority (often called the Department of State) usually requires certain paperwork to get legal recognition as a registered entity. Usually this is called the articles of incorporation, but some states may refer to it as the "Corporate Charter", or the entire process as the "Certificate of Incorporation" because of the approval document the state may issue once it approves of the entity.
When the term "formation" is used, it is referring to an LLC. When the term "incorporation" is used, it's referring to a corporation, regardless of whether the word "articles" or "certificate" is in front of it.
The articles of incorporation to be analyzed are a binding legal document created and agreed upon by the original shareholders. It proves the existence and registration of the corporation.
The document will typically contain some combination of the following information:
Name of the business
Effective date of incorporation
Duration for which the corporation will exist
Statement of purpose
Name and address of the registered agent
Address of the principal place of business
Outline of the Management structure
Roles of the members, officers, and managers
Names, titles, and signatures of the organizer(s)